Mount Everest, tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Sagarmatha v Nep\u00e1lu a Chomolungma v Tibetu, je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed horou sv\u011bta. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v poho\u0159\u00ed Mahalangur Himal v Himal\u00e1j\u00edch a rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 se na hranici mezi Nep\u00e1lem a Tibetem. Historie pokus\u016f o v\u00fdstup na Mount Everest sah\u00e1 do v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let a hora se stala symbolem lidsk\u00e9 vytrvalosti a \u00fasp\u011bchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prvn\u00ed pokusy o v\u00fdstup na Mount Everest byly provedeny britsk\u00fdmi expedicemi v letech 1921 a\u017e 1938. P\u0159es n\u011bkolik pokus\u016f se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto v\u00fdprav nepoda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout vrcholu. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pokusy provedly t\u0159et\u00ed a \u010dtvrt\u00e1 expedice, kter\u00e9 dos\u00e1hly v\u00fd\u0161ek 8 100 metr\u016f, respektive 8 326 metr\u016f. V roce 1952 kartografov\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee Mount Everest je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed horou sv\u011bta, co\u017e je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce podpo\u0159ilo pokusy o v\u00fdstup na n\u011bj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdstup na Mount Everest provedli 29. kv\u011btna 1953 Novoz\u00e9lan\u010fan Edmund Hillary a nep\u00e1lsk\u00fd \u0161erpa Tenzing Norgay. Oba horolezci dos\u00e1hli vrcholu, kter\u00fd je ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 29 029 stop, po vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdstupu, kter\u00fd trval n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f. Prvn\u00ed pokus o dosa\u017een\u00ed vrcholu byl u\u010din\u011bn 26. kv\u011btna 1953, ale selhal kv\u016fli nefunk\u010dn\u00edmu kysl\u00edkov\u00e9mu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Od t\u00e9 doby se stovky lid\u00ed pokusily vyl\u00e9zt na Mount Everest s r\u016fzn\u00fdm stupn\u011bm \u00fasp\u011bchu a hora se stala obl\u00edben\u00fdm c\u00edlem hleda\u010d\u016f dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed a horolezc\u016f. Celkov\u011b je historie Mount Everestu d\u011bjinami lidsk\u00e9 vytrvalosti a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 extr\u00e9mn\u00edm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m. Hora zaujala p\u0159edstavivost lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a je i nad\u00e1le symbolem lidsk\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu a dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed. Av\u0161ak s t\u00edm, jak klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny nad\u00e1le ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed him\u00e1lajskou oblast, se v\u00fdstup na Mount Everest stal je\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Navzdory tomu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ita\u017elivost nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hory sv\u011bta siln\u00e1 a lid\u00e9 se nad\u00e1le pokou\u0161ej\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout jej\u00edho vrcholu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mount Everest, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Himal\u00e1j\u00edch, je s nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou 8 848 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed horou sv\u011bta. P\u0159esn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka hory byla p\u0159edm\u011btem debat a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed po mnoho let, s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi v rozmez\u00ed od 8840 metr\u016f do 8848,86 metr\u016f. Navzdory t\u011bmto nesrovnalostem se v\u0161eobecn\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Mount Everest je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed horou sv\u011bta, ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se nad v\u0161emi ostatn\u00edmi vrcholy planety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mount Everest vznikl sr\u00e1\u017ekou indick\u00e9 a euroasijsk\u00e9 kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed desky. Geologie nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hory sv\u011bta je jedine\u010dn\u00e1, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e oblast Him\u00e1laje je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm a nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm poho\u0159\u00edm na Zemi. Region je charakterizov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed sediment\u00e1rn\u00edch hornin, metamorfovan\u00fdch hornin a \u017euly, kter\u00e9 byly formov\u00e1ny silami tektonick\u00e9 aktivity a eroze po miliony let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Po\u010das\u00ed a klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky na Mount Everestu jsou jedny z nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch na Zemi. Teplota na vrcholu m\u016f\u017ee klesnout a\u017e na -60 \u00b0C a hora je vystavena siln\u00fdm v\u011btr\u016fm, sn\u011bhov\u00fdm bou\u0159\u00edm a lavin\u00e1m. Tyto podm\u00ednky d\u011blaj\u00ed z v\u00fdstupu na Mount Everest nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e horolezci ve snaze dos\u00e1hnout vrcholu \u010del\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b fyzick\u00fdch i psychick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed Mount Everestu se tak\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee hora za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinky zm\u011bny klimatu. Proto je p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstupu na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed horu sv\u011bta nezbytn\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b sledovat pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed a klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdstup na Mount Everest p\u0159edstavuje fyzick\u00e9 i du\u0161evn\u00ed probl\u00e9my pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se ho pokus\u00ed zdolat. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka, nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a \u010dlenit\u00fd ter\u00e9n p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k obt\u00ed\u017enosti v\u00fdstupu. Horolezci mus\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161et dlouh\u00e1 obdob\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 n\u00e1mahy, \u010dasto s sebou nesou t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a z\u00e1soby a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed s v\u00fd\u0161kovou nemoc\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi zdravotn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my. Izolace a stres z v\u00fdstupu si nav\u00edc mohou vybrat da\u0148 na du\u0161evn\u00edm zdrav\u00ed horolezc\u016f, co\u017e vede k \u00fazkosti, depresi a dal\u0161\u00edm psychick\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm. Fyzick\u00e9 a du\u0161evn\u00ed probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s v\u00fdstupem na Mount Everest z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd podnik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Krom\u011b fyzick\u00fdch a psychick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f mus\u00ed horolezci na Mount Everestu \u010delit tak\u00e9 environment\u00e1ln\u00edm rizik\u016fm a nebezpe\u010d\u00edm. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka hory a drsn\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky mohou zp\u016fsobit omrzliny, podchlazen\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s nachlazen\u00edm. Laviny, kameny a trhliny p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pro horolezce dal\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed a n\u00e1hl\u00e9 bou\u0159e, kter\u00e9 se mohou na ho\u0159e vyskytnout. \u00da\u010dinky zm\u011bny klimatu, jako je t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f a nestabiln\u00ed ledov\u00e9 \u00fatvary, d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uj\u00ed rizika a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdstupu na Mount Everest. Horolezci mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveni \u010delit t\u011bmto environment\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m a p\u0159ijmout vhodn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k minimalizaci rizik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vzhledem k fyzick\u00fdm, du\u0161evn\u00edm a environment\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm v\u00fdstupu na Mount Everest je nezbytn\u00e9, aby horolezci p\u0159ijali adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a d\u016fkladn\u011b se na v\u00fdstup p\u0159ipravili. To zahrnuje absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed fyzick\u00e9ho a du\u0161evn\u00edho tr\u00e9ninku, z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch povolen\u00ed a vybaven\u00ed a pr\u00e1ci se zku\u0161en\u00fdmi pr\u016fvodci a pomocn\u00fdm person\u00e1lem. Horolezci si tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u011bdomi rizik a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s v\u00fdstupem a b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveni \u010dinit obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1vrat, pokud se podm\u00ednky stanou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi. Navzdory rizik\u016fm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdstup na Mount Everest pro mnoho horolezc\u016f obl\u00edbenou a l\u00e1kavou v\u00fdzvou a s n\u00e1le\u017eitou p\u0159\u00edpravou a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdstup podniknout bezpe\u010dn\u011b a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mount Everest, tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Sagarmatha v Nep\u00e1lu a Chomolungma v Tibetu, je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed horou sv\u011bta. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v poho\u0159\u00ed Mahalangur Himal…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-magazin"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t